Yellow butterfly came to see me the other day; that was nice. Starting to show signs of stress on the odd leaf, localized isolated blips, blemishes, who said growing up was going to be easy! Smaller leaves have less surface area for stomata to occupy, so the stomata are packed more densely to maintain adequate gas exchange. Smaller leaves might have higher stomatal density to compensate for their smaller size, potentially maximizing carbon uptake and minimizing water loss. Environmental conditions like light intensity and water availability can influence stomatal density, and these factors can affect leaf size as well. Leaf development involves cell division and expansion, and stomatal differentiation is sensitive to these processes. In essence, the smaller leaf size can lead to a higher stomatal density due to the constraints of available space and the need to optimize gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration. In the long term, UV-B radiation can lead to more complex changes in stomatal morphology, including effects on both stomatal density and size, potentially impacting carbon sequestration and water use. In essence, UV-B can be a double-edged sword for stomata: It can induce stomatal closure and potentially reduce stomatal size, but it may also trigger an increase in stomatal density as a compensatory mechanism. It is generally more efficient for gas exchange to have smaller leaves with a higher stomatal density, rather than large leaves with lower stomatal density. This is because smaller stomata can facilitate faster gas exchange due to shorter diffusion pathways, even though they may have the same total pore area as fewer, larger stomata. Leaf size tends to decrease in colder climates to reduce heat loss, while larger leaves are more common in warmer, humid environments. Plants in arid regions often develop smaller leaves with a thicker cuticle and/or hairs to minimize water loss through transpiration. Conversely, plants in wet environments may have larger leaves and drip tips to facilitate water runoff. Leaf size and shape can vary based on light availability. For example, leaves in shaded areas may be larger and thinner to maximize light absorption. Leaf mass per area (LMA) can be higher in stressful environments with limited nutrients, indicating a greater investment in structural components for protection and critical resource conservation. Wind speed, humidity, and soil conditions can also influence leaf morphology, leading to variations in leaf shape, size, and surface characteristics. Small leaves: Reduce water loss in arid or cold climates. Environmental conditions significantly affect gene expression in plants. Plants are sessile organisms, meaning they cannot move to escape unfavorable conditions, so they rely on gene expression to adapt to their surroundings. Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability can trigger changes in gene expression, allowing plants to respond to and survive in diverse environments. Depending on the environment a young seedling encounters, the developmental program following seed germination could be skotomorphogenesis in the dark or photomorphogenesis in the light. Light signals are interpreted by a repertoire of photoreceptors followed by sophisticated gene expression networks, eventually resulting in developmental changes. The expression and functions of photoreceptors and key signaling molecules are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels of the central dogma in molecular biology. Light activates gene expression through the actions of positive transcriptional regulators and the relaxation of chromatin by histone acetylation. Small regulatory RNAs help attenuate the expression of light-responsive genes. Alternative splicing, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, the formation of diverse transcriptional complexes, and selective protein degradation all contribute to proteome diversity and change the functions of individual proteins. Photomorphogenesis, the light-driven developmental changes in plants, significantly impacts gene expression. It involves a cascade of events where light signals, perceived by photoreceptors, trigger changes in gene expression patterns, ultimately leading to the development of a plant in response to its light environment. Genes are expressed, not dictated! While having the potential to encode proteins, genes are not automatically and constantly active. Instead, their expression (the process of turning them into proteins) is carefully regulated by the cell, responding to internal and external signals. This means that genes can be "turned on" or "turned off," and the level of expression can be adjusted, depending on the cell's needs and the surrounding environment. In plants, genes are not simply "on" or "off" but rather their expression is carefully regulated based on various factors, including the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. This means that while all cells in a plant contain the same genetic information (the same genes), different cells will express different subsets of those genes at different times. This regulation is crucial for the proper functioning and development of the plant. When a green plant is exposed to red light, much of the red light is absorbed, but some is also reflected back. The reflected red light, along with any blue light reflected from other parts of the plant, can be perceived by our eyes as purple. Carotenoids absorb light in blue-green region of the visible spectrum, complementing chlorophyll's absorption in the red region. They safeguard the photosynthetic machinery from excessive light by activating singlet oxygen, an oxidant formed during photosynthesis. Carotenoids also quench triplet chlorophyll, which can negatively affect photosynthesis, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular proteins. Additionally, carotenoid derivatives signal plant development and responses to environmental cues. They serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of phytohormones such as abscisic acid () and strigolactones (SLs). These pigments are responsible for the orange, red, and yellow hues of fruits and vegetables, while acting as free scavengers to protect plants during photosynthesis. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is an electronically excited state of molecular oxygen (O₂). Singlet oxygen is produced as a byproduct during photosynthesis, primarily within the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center and light-harvesting antenna complex. This occurs when excess energy from excited chlorophyll molecules is transferred to molecular oxygen. While singlet oxygen can cause oxidative damage, plants have mechanisms to manage its production and mitigate its harmful effects. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is considered a reactive oxygen species (ROS). It's a form of oxygen with higher energy and reactivity compared to the more common triplet oxygen found in its ground state. Singlet oxygen is generated both in biological systems, such as during photosynthesis in plants, and in cellular processes, and through chemical and photochemical reactions. While singlet oxygen is a ROS, it's important to note that it differs from other ROS like superoxide (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) in its formation, reactivity, and specific biological roles. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dissipating excess light energy as heat. This process reduces the overexcitation of photosynthetic pigments, which can lead to the production of ROS, thus mitigating the potential for photodamage. Zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, plays a crucial role in photoprotection in plants by both enhancing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In high-light conditions, zeaxanthin is synthesized from violaxanthin through the xanthophyll cycle, and this zeaxanthin then facilitates heat dissipation of excess light energy (NPQ) and quenches harmful ROS. The Issue of Singlet Oxygen!! ROS Formation: Blue light, with its higher energy photons, can promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, within the plant. Potential Damage: High levels of ROS can damage cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, potentially impacting plant health and productivity. Balancing Act: A balanced spectrum of light, including both blue and red light, is crucial for mitigating the harmful effects of excessive blue light and promoting optimal plant growth and stress tolerance. The Importance of Red Light: Red light (especially far-red) can help to mitigate the negative effects of excessive blue light by: Balancing the Photoreceptor Response: Red light can influence the activity of photoreceptors like phytochrome, which are involved in regulating plant responses to different light wavelengths. Enhancing Antioxidant Production: Red and blue light can stimulate the production of antioxidants, which help to neutralize ROS and protect the plant from oxidative damage. Optimizing Photosynthesis: Red light is efficiently used in photosynthesis, and its combination with blue light can lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production. In controlled environments like greenhouses and vertical farms, optimizing the ratio of blue and red light is a key strategy for promoting healthy plant growth and yield. Understanding the interplay between blue light signaling, ROS production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms can inform breeding programs and biotechnological interventions aimed at improving plant stress resistance. In summary, while blue light is essential for plant development and photosynthesis, it's crucial to balance it with other light wavelengths, particularly red light, to prevent excessive ROS formation and promote overall plant health. Oxidative damage in plants occurs when there's an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plant's ability to neutralize them, leading to cellular damage. This imbalance, known as oxidative stress, can result from various environmental stressors, affecting plant growth, development, and overall productivity. Causes of Oxidative Damage: Abiotic stresses: These include extreme temperatures (heat and cold), drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and excessive light. Biotic stresses: Pathogen attacks and insect infestations can also trigger oxidative stress. Metabolic processes: Normal cellular activities, particularly in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, can generate ROS as byproducts. Certain chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates can produce singlet oxygen (1O2), a potent ROS, leading to oxidative damage. ROS can damage lipids (lipid peroxidation), proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA). Oxidative stress can compromise the integrity of cell membranes, affecting their function and permeability. Oxidative damage can interfere with essential cellular functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, and signal transduction. In severe cases, oxidative stress can trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). Oxidative damage can lead to stunted growth, reduced biomass, and lower crop yields. Plants have evolved intricate antioxidant defense systems to counteract oxidative stress. These include: Enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and various peroxidases scavenge ROS and neutralize their damaging effects. Antioxidant molecules like glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C60 fullerene, and carotenoids directly neutralize ROS. Developing plant varieties with gene expression focused on enhanced antioxidant capacity and stress tolerance is crucial. Optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and other management practices can help minimize stress and oxidative damage. Applying antioxidant compounds or elicitors can help plants cope with oxidative stress. Introducing genes for enhanced antioxidant enzymes or stress-related proteins over generations. Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that regulate plant growth, development, and various physiological processes. The five major classes of phytohormones are: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. In addition to these, other phytohormones like brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylates also play significant roles. Here's a breakdown of the key phytohormones: Auxins: Primarily involved in cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominance. Gibberellins: Promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins: Stimulate cell division and differentiation, and delay leaf senescence. Ethylene: Regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senescence. Abscisic acid (ABA): Plays a role in seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and stress responses. Brassinosteroids: Involved in cell elongation, division, and stress responses. Jasmonates: Regulate plant defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as other processes. Salicylic acid: Plays a role in plant defense against pathogens. 1. Red and Far-Red Light (Phytochromes): Red light: Primarily activates the phytochrome system, converting it to its active form (Pfr), which promotes processes like stem elongation and flowering. Far-red light: Inhibits the phytochrome system by converting the active Pfr form back to the inactive Pr form. This can trigger shade avoidance responses and inhibit germination. Phytohormones: Red and far-red light regulate phytohormones like auxin and gibberellins, which are involved in stem elongation and other growth processes. 2. Blue Light (Cryptochromes and Phototropins): Blue light: Activates cryptochromes and phototropins, which are involved in various processes like stomatal opening, seedling de-etiolation, and phototropism (growth towards light). Phytohormones: Blue light affects auxin levels, influencing stem growth, and also impacts other phytohormones involved in these processes. Example: Blue light can promote vegetative growth and can interact with red light to promote flowering. 3. UV-B Light (UV-B Receptors): UV-B light: Perceived by UVR8 receptors, it can affect plant growth and development and has roles in stress responses, like UV protection. Phytohormones: UV-B light can influence phytohormones involved in stress responses, potentially affecting growth and development. 4. Other Colors: Green light: Plants are generally less sensitive to green light, as chlorophyll reflects it. Other wavelengths: While less studied, other wavelengths can also influence plant growth and development through interactions with different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Key Points: Cross-Signaling: Plants often experience a mix of light wavelengths, leading to complex interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Species Variability: The precise effects of light color on phytohormones can vary between different plant species. Hormonal Interactions: Phytohormones don't act in isolation; their interactions and interplay with other phytohormones and environmental signals are critical for plant responses. The spectral ratio of light (the composition of different colors of light) significantly influences a plant's hormonal balance. Different wavelengths of light are perceived by specific photoreceptors in plants, which in turn regulate the production and activity of various plant hormones (phytohormones). These hormones then control a wide range of developmental processes.

In der elften Woche tut sich nicht mehr viel. Es herbstelt an den Blättern. Die Lemon Haze ist etwas schneller als die Euforia und hätte geerntet werden können. Es gibt nur noch wenige klare Trichome. Ich werde beide noch eine Woche stehen lassen und dann schneiden.

Started the grow out trying to do an organic run with foop nutes, was never able to stabilize the ph and started notice problems in the leaves. Got on Amazon and bought the ph perfect line from advanced nutrie

Sorry as I have accidentally deleted my diary on triple cheese 😪 i got so high and i though it was just to delete one page or a week.😩. Anyway i am gonna start here in the flowering stage. This plant had been topped and had a triple top and I've topped just the two so i have 5 top colas i hope they yield massive 🙏🙏🙏🙏

On week 2 she is putting out much more preflowers. She is stretching for sure but still maintaining excellent node spacing. the average ppfd is 850.

Now they are week 4 since I turn the light to 12/12

Starting to see the pistils, buds next week hopefully

Shes really doing her thing. I have had so much fun growing this and learning, It's exactly what I hoped for in a first grow, and better yet one of my favorite classic strains. So excited for real buds to fatten up.

•••••••••••••••••••••••••• Sept. 28 - Oct. 4 Week 9 of 12/12 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• WEEKLY SUMMARY: •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 🙋‍♀️Fo' Twenny here!🙋‍♀️ We're back with another update on our 🍧🌊🌱 GELATO.G cultivar bred by SEEDSMAN SEEDS! It's week 9 and all she is presenting all of the beautiful colors of Fall 🍁 as she progresses deeper into senescence! She just seems to get frostier ❄️ by the day and her aroma is reminiscent a of sweet vanilla cake with a hint of kushy funk. I keep checking trichomes, but still not a much amber. Maybe another week or more. Also, I realized my BlueLab Conductivity Meter has the option to switch to EC. Since EC is the most accurate way to measure the nutrient concentration in a solution, I will now be measuring and reporting EC readings rather than PPM. Any advice, suggestions, or constructive criticisms are always welcome. Now, for the weekly break down! •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• THIS WEEK'S BREAK DOWN •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9/30 - Day 59 of BLOOM °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 📸 PHOTOSHOOT! 📸 🎥 FILMING! 🎥 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10/2 - Day 61 of BLOOM °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 🚿FEED DAY!🚿 - She received approximately 2 gallons of nutrient solution. I mixed 6 gallons of solution for all the plants I have running in this SOG. 2 gallons of that was then measured and fed to this cultivar. This week I used some gallon bottles filled with water and frozen to lower temps in the reservoir. 👩‍🔬NUTRIENT SOLUTION👩‍🔬 ⬇️Mixing Rundown⬇️ - The solution starts with 6 gal tap H2O through two kdf filters mixed in a 36 gallon reservoir. The solution is applied via wand sprayer powered by a submersible pump attached to a garden hose. Nutrients and additives are added to the reservoir in the order listed below and thoroughly mixed using a plastic stir spoon. The reservoir is oxygenated by four 4 inch air stones. Start pH: 7.8 Start EC 1.0 TEMP: 69°F .75 tsp/gal - Fox Farm BIG Bloom .5 Tsp/gal - Fox Farm Tiger Bloom .75 tsp/gal - Fox Farm BEMBÉ .0625 tsp/gal - Fox Farm Cha-Ching Our target pH is in the range of 6.0- 6.6 prior to adding any microbial innocclants. pH already in range, no adjustments needed. pH: 6.5 (No adjustments needed) EC: 1.5 TEMP: 60 °F Mammoth P. .6 ML/gal •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT CURRENTLY IN USE: •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • A/C: Whynter ARC-14S 14,000 BTU Dual Hose Portable Air Conditioner • TENT: VIVOSUN 48"x24"x60" Mylar Hydroponic Grow Tent with Observation Window & Floor Tray • POTS: Black 8"tall Active Aqua brand 6" x 6" one gallon square pots/Black 12" tall Active Aqua brand12" x 12" 3.4 gallon square pots • VEG/AUTOFLOWER INTAKE FAN: None (PASSIVE) VEG/AUTOFLOWER EXHAUST FAN : VIVOSUN 6 Inch 390 CFM Inline Duct Fan with Variable Speed Controller • BLOOM INTAKE FAN: VIVOSUN 6 Inch 390 CFM Inline Duct Fan with Variable Speed Controller • VEG/AUTOFLOWER EXHAUST FAN : VIVOSUN 6 Inch 390 CFM Inline Duct Fan with Variable Speed Controller • BLOOM EXHAUST FAN: AC Infinity CLOUDLINE T8, Quiet 8” Inline Duct Fan with Temperature Humidity Controller - Ventilation Exhaust Fan • VEG/AUTOFLOWER AIR MOVEMENT: 6-Inch Lasko FBA 2004W 2-Speed Clip Fan • BLOOM AIR MOVEMENT: One Honeywell TurboForce Air Circulator Fan Black, HT-900 and Three 6-Inch Lasko FBA 2004W 2-Speed Clip Fans • Bluelab PENPH pH Pen Fully Waterproof Pocket Tester • Bluelab PENCON Conductivity Pen Fully Waterproof Pocket Tester • Kolder Multi-Purpose Liquid and Dry Measuring Cup, 16-Ounce • Fox Farm Measuring Spoons • WATER TREATMENT: Tap H2O run through two AQUACREST Garden Hose Water Filters to remove chlorine and chloramine. – COMING SOON: Hydro-Logic 31023 1000-GPD Evolution RO1000 High Flow RO System, White (HL31023). • WATER APPLICATION: I use 2 different watering systems. The pump sprayer is typically used in early veg, between feeds, or for lighter feeds. Most feeds are usually run through the pump and reservoir because it's faster and easier when dealing with larger volume feeds. – 2 GALLON LAWN & GARDEN PUMP PRESURE SPRAYER. * I removed the spray head due to clogs and it's just faster. – Superior Pump 91250 Utility Pump, 1/4 HP in a heavy duty 27 gallon Tote attatched to a 10 foot garden hose to an Orbit Underground 56246 Green Thumb 9-Pattern Telescoping Wand. – Aeration of the reservoir is accomplished using a General Hydroponics HGC728040 Dual Diaphragm Air Pump 320 GPH 4 Outlet attached with standard aquarium air hose to four 4-Inch Air Stone Disc Bubble Diffusers. • VEG/AUTOFLOWER LIGHTING: 320w MosterBoard V4-PLUS powered by a MEANWELL 320H-48AB DRIVER. There are three V4-PLUS boards prewired and mounted on a 935x195x10mm black heatsink. Dimmer, UV Switch, and IR Switch included. Each board contains two hundred fifty two 3000k lm301h diodes + twelve Osram 660nm diodes plus 4 separately switchable LG UV 395nm diodes and 4 separately switchable Osram IR 730nm diodes. • BLOOM LIGHTING: Two custom mounted lighting units: Each mount has one 480w MEANWELL 480H-48B driver and one 240w MEANWELL 240H-48AB powering 6 KingBright Quantum Boards. Each board contains two hundred fifty two 3500k lm301h diodes + twelve CREE XP-E2 660nm diodes plus four separately switchable CREE XP-E2 730nm diodes and four LG UV 395nm diodes. Hanging between the two mounts are two additional quantum boards with two hundred fifty two 3000k lm301h diodes + twelve 660nm diodes plus four constant power 730nm IR diodes and four 395nm UV diodes. That's a total of 1680w of quantum board power in our 96" x 48" bloom tent. ⚠️ ALL DRIVERS MOUNTED REMOTELY IN AN AIR COOLED BOX INSTALLED BETWEEN THE FILTER AND EXHAUST FAN ⚠️ • SLMOTO Universal Oil Drain Pan, 2 Gallon (8 Liter) Capacity ABS Low Profile Oil Drain Pan w/Spout Fit for Motorcycles • Modified Botanicare Low Tide LT Black Tray - 4' x 4' - Modification: Cutaway at corners and used flex-seal tape to create a new edge that will be soft to fit between tent supports. She is supported by 6 Standard Cored Concrete Blocks (Common: 4-in x 8-in x 16-in; Actual: 3.625-in x 7.625-in x 15.625-in). ⚠️THIS TRAY WILL NOT FIT BETWEEN SUPPORTS IN A 48" x 48" or 48" x 96" TENT WITHOUT MAKING MODIFICATIONS TO THE TRAY!⚠️ • Blue Sticky Pads • Yellow Sticky Pads •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• SOIL MIX DETAILS: •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• All components were mixed into a 50 gallon tote that is kept in a warm environment to help innocculate to promote a vast and diverse microbial life in the rhizosphere. Once mixed, add 32-64oz water once every 7-14 days as needed. The goal is to keep the soil moisten without oversaturating. 2 Part - Royal Gold Tupur INGREDIENTS: Coco fiber, aged forest materials, perlite, and basalt 1 Part - Fox Farms Ocean Forest INGREDIENTS: Aged forest products, sphagnum peat moss, earthworm castings, bat guano, fish emulsion, and crab meal. 1 Part - Roots Organics INGREDIENTS: Perlite, Coco Fiber, Peat Moss, Composted Forest Material, Pumice, Worm Castings, Bat Guano, Soybean Meal, Alfalfa Meal, Fishbone Meal, Kelp Meal, and Greensand. Also contains beneficial mycorrhizal fungi: Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Septoglomus desertícola .5 Part - Wiggle Worm Soil Builder Pure Earthworm Castings .5 Part - Ancient Forest Humus .5 Part - Coarse Grade Perlite Inocculated by mixing 1 cup of Extreme Gardening Mycos Watered with pH 6.5 h2O 1 Tsp/gal Real Grower's Recharge 1 tsp/gal Hi-Brix Molasses 2 tsp/gal Fox Farms Kangaroots •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Want to see more cultivars I have growing❓ Please, be sure to check out my other diaries & give me a follow! 👍👍 🙏Thank you for stopping by my garden!🙏 Peace, ☮️✌️ Love, 💚🤟 & Frosty Nugs! ❄️🌲 Happy farmin' my friends! ☺️🌱 - Fo' Twenny 👩‍🌾🏻

Devido a Rega a cada dois dias, resolvi fracionar a dosagem semanal de fertilização para toda Rega, sendo assim, rego a cada dois dias da semana, totalizando três regas semanais, com isso fraciono a dosagem para 2ml líquido e 0,16g de mineral a cada litro d'água, totalizando 6ml líquido e 0,50g de mineral por semana.

0.23v tuned to 7.83Hz Plants exposed to the Schumann resonance often show greater resistance to stress factors such as drought, diseases, and pests. It is possible that these natural electromagnetic waves strengthen plants' immune systems and increase their ability to resist disease. Pretty neat, in the afternoon when the tent hovers around 84F the plants are 🙏, can visually see in time around 10 minutes after I opened the tent the temp had dropped to 76 pressure was lost, she is still chilling but she doesn't quite have that perk anymore. *Salinity3.5% - 100ml H2O=100g The concentration of salt in a solution 3.5%= 3.5g in 100ml. Growing well. Not going to top or do any training, I'll let the plant do its own thing, she is constructing foundations now for what she senses ahead. Smart girl. ✨️ Let her, do her thing, let me do mine. The voltage that is needed for electrolysis to occur is called the decomposition potential. The word "lysis" means to separate or break, so in terms, electrolysis would mean "breakdown via electricity. Green hydrogen is hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water, using renewable electricity. The production of green hydrogen causes significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions than the production of grey hydrogen, which is derived from fossil fuels without carbon capture. Electrolysis of pure water requires excess energy in the form of overpotential to overcome various activation barriers. Without the excess energy, electrolysis occurs slowly or not at all. This is in part due to the limited self-ionization of water. Pure water has an electrical conductivity of about one hundred thousandths that of seawater. Efficiency is increased through the addition of an electrolyte (such as a salt, acid or base). Photoelectrolysis of water, also known as photoelectrochemical water splitting, occurs in a photoelectrochemical cell when light is used as the energy source for the electrolysis of water, producing dihydrogen . Photoelectrolysis is sometimes known colloquially as the hydrogen holy grail for its potential to yield a viable alternative to petroleum as a source of energy. The PEC cell primarily consists of three components: the photoelectrode the electrolyte and a counter electrode. The semiconductor crucial to this process, absorbs sunlight, initiating electron excitation and subsequent water molecule splitting into hydrogen and oxygen. Water electrolysis requires a minimum potential difference of 1.23 volts, although at that voltage external heat is also required. Typically 1.5 volts is required. Biochar, a by-product of biomass pyrolysis, is typically characterized by high carbon content, aromaticity, porosity, cation exchange capacity, stability, and reactivity. The coupling of biochar oxidation reaction (BOR) with water electrolysis constitutes biochar-assisted water electrolysis (BAWE) for hydrogen production, which has been demonstrated to reduce the electricity consumption of conventional water electrolysis from 1.23v to 0.21v. Biochar particles added to the electrolyte form a two-phase solution, in which the biochar oxidation reaction (BOR) has a lower potential (0.21 V vs. RHE) than OER (1.23 V vs. RHE), reducing the energy consumption for hydrogen production via biochar-assisted water electrolysis (BAWE). BAWE produces H2 under 1 V while eliminating O2 formation: key word "eliminating". Air with a normal oxygen concentration of around 21% is not considered explosive on its own; however, if a flammable gas or vapor is present, increasing the oxygen percentage above 23.5% can significantly increase the risk of ignition and explosion due to the enriched oxygen environment. The addition of ion mediators (Fe3+/Fe2+) significantly increases BOR kinetics. Air: Nitrogen -- N2 -- 78.084% Carbon Dioxide -- CO2 -- 0.04% Hydrogen in homosphere H -- 0.00005% Hydrogen "GAS" H2 in homosphere - 0% "Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon are the three main components of Earth's atmosphere. Water concentration varies but averages around 0.25% of the atmosphere by mass. Carbon dioxide and all of the other elements and compounds are trace gases. Trace gases include the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Except for argon, other noble gases are trace elements (these include neon, helium, krypton, and xenon). Industrial pollutants include chlorine and its compounds, fluorine and its compounds, elemental mercury vapor, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Other components of Earth's atmosphere include spores, pollen, volcanic ash, and salt from sea spray." Although the CRC table does not list water vapor (H2O), air can contain as much as 5% water vapor, more commonly ranging from 1-3%. The 1-5% range places water vapor as the third most common gas (which alters the other percentages accordingly). Water content varies according to air temperature. Dry air is denser than humid air. However, sometimes humid air contains actual water droplets, which can make it more dense than humid air that only contains water vapor. The homosphere(where you live) is the portion of the atmosphere with a fairly uniform composition due to atmospheric turbulence. In contrast, the heterosphere is the part of the atmosphere where chemical composition varies mainly according to altitude. The lower portion of the heterosphere contains oxygen and nitrogen, but these heavier elements do not occur higher up. The upper heterosphere consists almost entirely of hydrogen, cool. 78%nitrogen as N2, a far too stable bond to be used by organisms. 20%oxygen 0.04%co2 0.00005% hydrogen When lightning strikes, it tears apart the bond in airborne nitrogen molecules. Those free nitrogen atoms N2 nitrites then have the chance to combine with oxygen molecules to form a compound called nitrates N3. Once formed, the nitrates are carried down to the ground becoming usable by organisms. Will it react with the oxygen in the air spontaneously, the answer is no. The mixture is chemically stable indefinitely. A mixture with air near the release point can be ignited, but if this does not happen then when its concentration gets below 4% it will be unable to carry a flame. Taking a small detour into chemistry here, a key concept to understanding the health impact of nitrogen-based compounds is knowing the difference between nitrates and nitrites. What Are Nitrates and Nitrites? A nitrite (NO2) is a nitrogen atom bonded to only two nitrogen atoms. Very strong bond A nitrate (NO3) is a nitrogen atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. Weaker bond The optimal pH for nitrate (NO3-) depends on the process and the type of bacteria involved. Nitrification The optimal pH for nitrification is between 7.5 and 8.6 Nitrification is the process of oxidizing ammonia to nitrate and nitrite Nitrosomonas has an optimal pH between 7.0 and 8.0 Nitrobacter has an optimal pH between 7.5 and 8.0 Nitrification ceases at pH

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Right so now I flushed the hell out of this lady and the runoff now is the exact same as what's going pretty much. Also I'm super happy to see the purples coming through and also the smell has changed drastically and started smelling more like Mimosa than it did pre-flush. Going to do one last flush now and leave it 2 or 3 days then leave her in the dark for 48 hours then cut her down!

The trichomes on the Runtz are all milky and I'm getting some amber on the sugar leaves, I think the end is near 😁 The G13 is looking great and smelling wonderful, the buds are getting heavier and same for the GDP

Flushing one plant. The other plant i might start flushing next week. Cleaned up the late flowered plant. Defoliated a few leaves.

This week was spent doing some needed cleaning and minor defoliation and start aiming towards flowering in the next week or so. I dumped all pots and wiped out as well as the resivoir and added fresh water and nutes to all the plants. While plants were out of tent I did some very minor defoliating as well. I picked up a few goodies this week. I noticed a fruit fly or two and decided to pick up an insect trap off amazon (let’s see how it works 🤞🏽). I also picked up a chargeable watering wand that is worth 3x its price for how easy it makes it to water/feed my plants. I just drop in in my 5 gallon bucket after nutes and pHing water and get to work without moving a single pot. Wish I got this sooner!

Just switched to flowering

Gave her a big dose of GO bloom and GO bio bud, and molasses. I just feed her once a week, 16L is what I take down .